Wednesday, July 15, 2020
Introducing Duplicate and Published Maps in MindMeister - Focus
Introducing Duplicate and Published Maps in MindMeister - Focus Another week, another update last night we updated MindMeister with a new version that fixes a number of problems, most notably the scrollbars which appeared in some browsers when inputting text into nodes. This should work fine now, with automatically resizing text boxes and full line break support (SHIFT-ENTER). Were also proud to present two brand new features: Ability to duplicate maps (in map list context menu) Ability to publish maps, enabling users to make them visible on the internet e.g. for inclusion in blogs More to come. Further details on the last update can be found as always in the changelog. Oh yes, and were up to about 3000 users from all over the world now, which is great because were still getting tons of really useful feedback even though we might have to work on our Japanese before being able to understand it all ?? Introducing Duplicate and Published Maps in MindMeister - Focus Another week, another update last night we updated MindMeister with a new version that fixes a number of problems, most notably the scrollbars which appeared in some browsers when inputting text into nodes. This should work fine now, with automatically resizing text boxes and full line break support (SHIFT-ENTER). Were also proud to present two brand new features: Ability to duplicate maps (in map list context menu) Ability to publish maps, enabling users to make them visible on the internet e.g. for inclusion in blogs More to come. Further details on the last update can be found as always in the changelog. Oh yes, and were up to about 3000 users from all over the world now, which is great because were still getting tons of really useful feedback even though we might have to work on our Japanese before being able to understand it all ??
Thursday, June 11, 2020
Public Policy Coursework - 2200 Words
How do social problems become policy problems? Discuss with reference to any specific area of public policy (Coursework Sample) Content: How do social problems become policy problems? Discuss with reference to any specific area of public policy.Name:Course:Professor:Date Due:Introduction The role of policy makers, mostly governments have been steadily evolving and changing with an increasing emphasis directed at setting out a general direction through strategic policy planning while engaging all the stakeholders and the citizens to deliver effectively in all its programs and servicesPublic Policy Public policy is a proposed intended course of action of either a person group of people or the government within a specific environment providing obstacles, chances or opportunities within the proposed policy which it utilizes to overcome in a sustained effort to achieve a specific goal or realize certain objective or purpose. (Dunn, 2008)A public policy acts as a guide to present future decisions that have been selected in a view of certain conditions from many other alternatives, the proposed decision or a number of proposed decisions that have been designed to implement the intended course of actions i.e. a projected designed program that consists of the given objectives and the proposed means of achieving them. (John, 2000)Case sturdy, British health Services and the social problems.For instance, in Britain the NHS makes all the decisions about the ownership and management of health care providers. In the early 1990s, the hospitals and all the other providers of health were under the Health authorities that designed all the all the national health policies to be implemented by the health providers. The 2000 NHS plan contained a number of critical proposals but most of them needed the utmost support of the central government to be fully implemented. Most public policies arise because of a certain need from the society. By the year 2002, the British department of health policies of highly centralized management was becoming a liability in the provision of health services in the coun try, it reached a point where the secretary of state had to explain to the public the general conditions of specific hospitals that were highly mismanaged and an alternative policy was adopted that created radical reforms in the NHS which included the self-governing organizations and the extra use of incentives.(Bosanquet, 2008) For example, hospitals that perfected their operations would be allowed to apply to become members of the NHS foundation trusts. (Department of Health, 2002) A public policy is simply a decision that has been made by the government to guide any other actions in the same or similar situation or circumstances. Government policies are mostly referred to as public policies as their set of decisions and actions guide the whole society in general. These public policies are initiated and developed by the provincial, municipal, federal or even territorial levels of government. (Bardach, 2000)Policy matters are normally divided into two main categories i.e. the polic ies that are already on the public policy discussions or agendas and those that have not been formulated or even discussed. These are the social problems before they actually become public policy issues. A social problem affects the whole community before its debated to become a public policy. When these policy issues have found their way into the public policy formal agenda, then they gain a higher profile and the formal process is most likely to follow unlike when its not on the proposed public policy agenda.(Brewer, Garry and deLeon, 1983) Whenever there is a problem or an issue that has not been ratified and its not on the general public domain, its the duty of all the stakeholders and also the general community to educate others within themselves provides information and takes all the necessary steps after educating most of the community, to have it listed on the agenda. For an issue to qualify and be able to stand out in all the processes and eventually become a public policy then it must have the following. One, it must have sufficient and logical scope i.e. it must be affecting a good fraction of the people or the community, it must also have a high intensity i.e. the magnitude of its impact must be high and it must have been an issue for a long period of time. (Gerston, 1997) A number of problems may trigger the development of public policy whose response can either be reactive, as in most cases or preactive or proactive.Policy development becomes reactive when it literally reacts or responds to issues and other factors that have emerged mostly with very little notice or warning from either external or even internal environment. (Pollitt and Bouckaert, 2004) These may be by listening and solving problems or issues, allocating resources i.e. either fiscal or natural resources, reactions to emergencies or major catastrophes or emergencies among other reactionary measures.(Ferlie, Lynn and Pollitt, 2007) Policy development can also be preactive i.e. it r eacts or responds to those triggers that are already recognized because the operating environment is usually scanned and potential issues and other factors are indentified before they occur i.e. the issues are already predicted before they occur and mitigation and contingency matters are already in place before they occur. (Bovaird and LÃ ¶ffler, 2009) This is done by making strategic decisions, choices, risk management, planning and setting the right priorities. Formal policies are rarely proactive when it comes to their developments. The nature of developing a policy is such that most of the key and majority of the major decisions only reflect little changes to the existing status quo. The challenges that are connected to or associated with the development of an integrated policy needs a big and broader picture, a general system perspective that can be able to identify and address all the root causes or other symptoms. These policies can be driven by politicians, powerful stak eholders, lobby groups, community leaders, departments and many other bureaucratic committees. (Baldwin and Cave, 1999) In Britain, the Foundation trust in the health department were introduced as governance models with very important characteristics enacted in the constitution under the health and social care Act of 2003.(HM Government, 2003) These were established for the benefit of the public. They were to provide accountability among the staff and the patients and the local people. They were independent units and they could even form joint ventures and other related business. Over time the UK government tailored more policies to streamline the health sector as the Foundation Trusts continued to evolve. ( Lynn, 2006)Public policies can be divided into two major categories. Vertical policy is mostly developed by companies that have the authority and the means to implement their decisions. The horizontal policy popularly known as the integrated policy is normally developed by two o r even more organizations with abilities to implement only portions of the integrated processes or policies.The key factors that need to be considered when developing a public policy are, the public interest i.e. is the public policy for the interest of the public or the society, is the process inclusive and is it balanced i.e. between special interest and private interest. The public policy must also be very effective in achieving its stated goals and objective. It also has to be efficient and consistent while representing fairness and equity. It must also be politically and socially acceptable. It must be based on a foundation of values that have been acknowledged and discussed in a democratic process by the society. (Bickford, 1996)Policy development takes the form of six stages i.e. Problem definition, goal or objective clarification, option generation and selection, implementation and finally evaluation. Problem definition involves the recognition of the existence of a problem that requires situational analysis. This is followed by the real problem definition and the determination of all priorities.For instance in an effort to of achieving equity of access to adequate and appropriate clinical care for all citizens in all sectors regardless of income disparities or professional qualification or status in the society in all public hospitals in the UK, a policy was introduced within the larger system of public facilities and responsibilities for all public health services and were connected to all other health services to the public at the lower levels. (Healy McKee, 2002) The importance of the primary health care in all public hospitals rendered their development to be critical in their major objective of becoming an equal provider of public health services. (Saltman, Rico, and Boerma, 2006) Also there were also some discussions concerning the integration of chronic and other elderly care and medical coverage services in all primary care public hospitals ( Nolte and Mckee, 2008) The NHS project of foundation trusts was actually market oriented i.e. it adopted measures that were needed by the general public. The general governance of the Foundation Trusts as set out by the NHS, targeted the rules of the market. These included the foundation trusts taking full responsibility to ensure they are successful. Foundation trusts had significant and mostly beneficial impact on the quality of service and financial control. These required strategic planning and proper governance structures which needed innovation and some structural changes to succeed. While the health sector started to experience improvement the advocates or the proponents of the policy noted that the Foundation trusts were not in any way improving faster than the non- Foundation trusts. (Monitor 2009) These was mostly due to the cultural stereotype that existed since the second world war that related to the cent...
Thursday, May 21, 2020
Lessons Learnt From the Great Depression and Progressive Era
Lessons from the Great Depression Progressive Era Lessons from the Great Depression Progressive Era The Progressive Era in American history began slightly before the turn of the 20th century and continued into the second decade of the 20th century, ending around the beginning of World War I. The Great Depression of 20th century American occurred in 1929 and the more intense short-term effects lasted up and through World War II. The paper will scrutinize specific events of this period providing insight, elaboration, and analysis. One major turning point during this period of American history was the significant changes happening in the American population. Reconstruction was over; the country began its attempts at a stoic integration. Yet during this period, numerous American blacks migrated around the country. Many moved into urban areas on the coast and the Midwest. African American flourished for the first time out from under formalized, institutional slavery and the Harlem Renaissance ensued during this period. In addition to th e migration of American blacks, during this period, millions of people immigrated into the United States of America, many of whom entered the country via Ellis Island in New York City. Over five million people from all over the world, but with particular concentrations from Europe and Asia, moved into the country and changed the demographics of the country in ways that are evident in the 21st century. The Progressive Era was a periodShow MoreRelatedOverview of Hrm93778 Words à |à 376 Pagesof Pakistan 1 Human Resource Management (MGT501) INTRODUCTION TO HRM After studying this chapter, students should be able to understand the following: Describe HRM? Explain why are we concerned about HRM? Discuss Road-map of HRM VU Lesson 1 LESSON OVERVIEW This chapter introduces the students with the basic concepts of the human resource management (HRM). During the lecture, we will be discussing the three main things, i.e. the introduction to HRM, the importance of HRM, and a brief discussionRead MoreChange Management49917 Words à |à 200 Pagesit is called reactive change. However, proactive change is initiated by the management on its own to enhance the organizational effectiveness. The change is one of the most critical aspects of effective management. It is the coping process of moving from the present state to a desired state that individuals, 1 MBA ââ¬âH4010 Organisational Development And Change groups and organizations undertake in response to various internal and external factors that alter current realities. Survival ofRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words à |à 522 PagesExercises 7. References 1. INTRODUCTION: The apex body in United States of America for the Marketing functions, American Marketing Association (AMA) defines marketing as ââ¬Å"Marketing consists of those activities involved in the flow of goods and services from the point of production to the point of consumption. The AMA has since amended its definition to read as: ââ¬Å"Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and for managingRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words à |à 922 Pagesdilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as provides insightful examples from the practical world of organizations. The authorsââ¬â¢ sound scholarship and transparent style of writing set the book apart, making it an ingenious read which invites reflexivity, criticalness an d plurality of opinion from the audience. This is a book that will become a classic in organization studies. Mihaela L. Kelemen, Professor of Management Studies, KeeleRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words à |à 1573 Pages10.5/12 ITC New Baskerville Std Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright à © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrievalRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words à |à 1351 Pagesthe publisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevierââ¬â¢s Science Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: ( 44) 1865 843830, fax: ( 44) 1865 853333, e-mail: permissions@elsevier.co.uk. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage (www.elsevier.com), by selecting ââ¬ËCustomer Supportââ¬â¢ and then ââ¬ËObtaining Permissionsââ¬â¢ British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue r ecord for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing
Sunday, May 17, 2020
Assesing the Effectiveness of Computerized Accounting System
ABSTRACT The study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of computerized accounting systems in organizations (the general objective of the study). It employed a case study design and Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs was chosen as the case of the study. Various literatures were consulted to get the theoretical and empirical thoughts of stupendous authors about the topic under study to help the researcher craft and refine her methodology. Questionnaires, documentation and interviews were the key methods of data collection. The researcher used a sample of 30 respondents from MoFEAââ¬â¢s Management and Staff to collect data because it was expensive both in terms of time and resources to collect data from every employee of the ministry.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦23 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION, OBJECTIVES AND PROBLEM DEFINITION 1.1 Background Information Before the introduction of computers, the accounting system at the Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs was manual. All the processes associated with the system such as receiving, recording, processing and reporting of data were done manually. The manual system of accounting was too difficult as it was encountered by many problems. There are many technological and globalization changes prevailing in the world and to cope with these changes, MoFEA computerized its accounting system so as to improve, facilitate, and simplify the day to day accounting works. With the computerized accounting system, the ministry was able to overcome some if not all of the problems encountered while using the manual system. These problems included: (a) The number of employees required performing the accounting tasks manually ââ¬â it requires more staff than the CAS. (b) Consumes more time. (c) Needs much space for storing files. (d) The work is tedious and requires much use of a human brain in arithmetic and logical operations hence intellectual strains, mistakes ad
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Franklin D. Roosevelt. During The Great Depression In The
Franklin D. Roosevelt During The Great Depression in the United States, 13 million people and the country were in an economic crisis. The nation blamed the Republican party for the economic crisis and for their inability to fix it by the 1932 election.Thus, the election resulted in a win for Democratic Party and the former governor of New York, Franklin Delano Roosevelt. On March 4 1933, Roosevelt was inaugurated president by a nation in need of hope. FDR took action immediately to deal with the depression by closing the banks temporarily to allow an increase of confidence by the American population. Although some historians argued that FDR was moving the nation towards socialism rather than capitalism, Roosevelt, however was ableâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Each fireside chat addressed the issues that had occurred and his ideas for improvement. For instance, as banks shut down then later reopened, citizens were hesitant to secure their money in the reopened banks. However, in one of FDRââ¬â¢s firesi de chats he motivated the nation to trust the bank when he stated; ââ¬Å"People will again be glad to have their money where it will be safely taken care of and where they can use it conveniently at any time. I can assure you my friend, that it is safer to keep your money in a reopened bank than under your bed.â⬠This shows that FDR wanted to motivate the country and demonstrate a recovery for the economy. Another example of his effective communication skills occurred in 1932, during his presidential campaign. FDR presented a speech to the Commonwealth Club in San Francisco. The speech addressed FDRââ¬â¢s belief that change was possible. The country had lost hope when the economy collapsed in 1929, but FDR was willing to restore this by positively communicating his ideas. He stated that; ââ¬Å"The final word belongs to no man; yet we can still believe in change and in progress.â⬠Following this speech, FDR won the 1932 Election, which meant that the country believed i n change as he did. The speech proved that FDR was an effective leader because he was able to motivate and uplift during the Depression. The country was in need of a leader who believed that there was a solution to The GreatShow MoreRelatedTaking a look at the Great Depression 795 Words à |à 3 Pages Great Depression The great depression was one of the worst disasters that occurred in U.S history. October 29, 1929, is the day the stock market crashed, and that day was the beginning of The ââ¬Å"Great Depressionâ⬠. Many US citizens suffered through this depression, children couldnââ¬â¢t go to school because their parents couldnââ¬â¢t afford to buy school supplies, and children had to work at a young age. Families lost their homes to the bank and they were forced to create homes out of driftwoodRead MorePresident Franklin D. Roosevelt New Deals1681 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Great Depression was an economic and social blow to the American people, people were out of job, food, money and homes while society turned everyone against each other it was everyman for himself. President Franklin D. Roosevelt new deals were effect in providing jobs to the men of the families starting from the oldest to the youngest men in the family. The New Deal improved both the economic and social l ives of the American people. The Great Depression caused a deafening blow in the economyRead MoreFranklin D. Roosevelt : An Effective American President And Leader1509 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt Thesis: Franklin D. Roosevelt was an effective American president and leader. Franklin D. Roosevelt was a powerful leader and one of the most highly regarded presidents in American history. 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Roosevelt was elected to his first term as president of the United States in 1932, America was in a severe depression. When Franklin Roosevelt took office in March of 1933, President Hoover handed the problems of the Great Depression over to Roosevelt. Upon taking office, Franklin Roosevelt issued a bank holiday which forced all banks to close from March 6 to March 10 while he met with Congress to pass the Emergency Banking Act to allow banksRead MoreA Man With No Bounds Essay1005 Words à |à 5 PagesFranklin D. Roosevelt he is not just a person, he is a legacy the way he approached problems in his time ââ¬Å"in chargeâ⬠. The way he spoke to people was just outright amazing, like in his Infamy Speech after Pearl Harbor when he said, ââ¬Å"With confidence in our armed forces, with the unbounding determination of our people, we will gain the inevitable triumph -- so help us God.â⬠While in his long presidency, Franklin D. Roosevelt was considered by many , a amazing president who made all the right decisionsRead MoreHow Roosevelt And His New Deal Prolonged The Great Depression1395 Words à |à 6 PagesHow Roosevelt And His New Deal Prolonged The Great Depression The traditional view of Franklin D. Roosevelt is that he motivated and helped the United States during the ââ¬Å"Great Depressionâ⬠and was a great president, however, as time has passed, economist historians have begun analyzing Rooseveltââ¬â¢s presidency. Many have concluded that he did not help America during the Great Depression but instead amplified and prolonged the depression. Jim Powell wrote about FDR economic policies and did an excellentRead MoreBook Review on Fdr Essay1088 Words à |à 5 PagesMeagan Beckwith U.S History 1302 23 June 2013 Professor Wooten Book Review on Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin D. Roosevelt was the 32nd President of the United States. While being president he was trying to lead our country through a time of economic depression and total war. Franklin D. Roosevelt was one of the most important leaders of the 20th century. Alan Brinkley, the author of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, wrote this biography in order to show Rooseveltââ¬â¢s life from childhood to presidencyRead MoreEssay on APUSH DBQ- Hoover vs. Roosevelt774 Words à |à 4 Pagesï » ¿DBQ #3 President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the thirty-second president of the United States, was a central figure for the United States in the 20th Century. While leading his country out of The Great Depression, he also led the nation through World War II. Herbert Hoover, the thirty-first President, led the country during the Great Depression and his policies enforced at that time eventually led to his downfall because of their inability to end the downward economic spiral. Both of these PresidentsRead MoreFranklin D. Roosevelt And The New Deal1116 Words à |à 5 PagesPark, New York, Franklin D. Roosevelt was stricken with polio in 1921. He became the 32nd US president in 1933, and was the only president to be elected four times. Roosevelt led the United States through the Great Depression and World War II, and greatly expanded the powers of the federal government through a series of programs and reforms known as the New Deal. Roosevelt died in Georgia in 1945. President Rooseveltââ¬â¢s parents made a living both on real estate and trade. Roosevelt was schooled by
Structure And Structure Of Membrane Proteins Essay
Thickness: 6-8nm Unit: Amphoteric phospholipid, claiming to be from a polymeric phosphate (hydrophilic), including the same unbranched chain fatty liver (hydrophobic). Distribution of 2 portions: hydrophilic heads would laid open of the outside nature s domain alternately those cytoplasm. Those greasy liver chains purpose inward, confronting one another because of hydrophobic impacts (staying out starting with water). membrane proteins need aid found On Different positions inside the membrane, through particular associations with phospholipid particles These proteins comprise for 3 fundamental groups:.. essential analytics proteins, outer-surface proteins Also inner-surface proteins They assume dissimilar parts clinched alongside cell division exercises. . Integral proteins: In the cytoplasmic membrane called UNIPORT3 solid basic tools to do the installation of the membrane, transporting material cross, symporter more importantly antiporter Outer-surface proteins: As a rule before, Gram-negative bacteria, vice-band unit, at about broad atom transfer periplasmic proteins. Inner-surface proteins: To work together to win the building energy capacity is also important to reflect different cell division of different proteins. How do bacteria store genetic information? Both forms of genetic information in bacteria DNA sequence stored, i.e. bacterial chromosome and plasmids. The following are the properties of a bacterial chromosome. â⬠¢ Location: Within nucleoid regionShow MoreRelatedWhy Proteins Are Essential For Cellular Function930 Words à |à 4 PagesProteins are essential for cellular functions in all forms of life. Though proteins have been studied for decades, membrane proteins have not been properly understood due in part to their physical complexity and the difficulties in testing. Though many challenges hinder the discoveries in this area of biochemistry, Professor Alessandro Senes believes that the difficulties encountered only make the results more worthwhile. Researching these proteins advances our understanding of the importance ofRead MoreThe Fluid Mosaic Model Using An Online Dictionary1002 Words à |à 5 Pagesusing an online dictionary is that it is used for cell membranes and their flexible structure of lipid and protein molecules which are interspersed throughout the phospholipid bilayer. [The American Heritage New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, 2005]. The fluid mosaic model was pr oposed in 1972 for providing a description on structures within cell membranes of both plant and animal cells. Since the proposal of this model of membrane structure, it has been developed further and now has the abilityRead MoreHow Is a Cells Membrane Suited to Its Functions?1240 Words à |à 5 PagesHow is a cellââ¬â¢s membrane structure suited to its functions? Throughout the past century, scientists have been able to conduct more research on the structure of a cell membrane and understand its components and functions. The present agreed on model, created in 1972 by S. J. Singer and G. Nicolson, is called the fluid mosaic model. This model depicts that proteins (integral and peripheral) form a mosaic since they are floating in a fluid layer of phospholipids, which makes up the components ofRead MoreTypes Of Cells And Prokaryote And Eukaryote1480 Words à |à 6 PagesM1 There are two types of cells; Prokaryote and Eukaryote. They have many differences including their structures and functions. The main difference being that a Eukaryote cell has an organised nucleus with a nuclear envelope, whereas a prokaryote cell does not have a nucleus at all. Eukaryotes are much more complex than a prokaryote cell. They have multiple organelles with many different functions. Eukaryotic cells are bigger in size than Prokaryotic cells. Some examples of eukaryotic cells are:Read MoreA Comparison of Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells Essay1304 Words à |à 6 Pagesdifference between each of these cells is that a eukaryotic cell has a nucleus and a membrane bound section in which the cell holds the main DNA which are building blocks of life. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. The chromosomes which are found in prokaryotes are usually spread in the cytoplasm. In eukaryotic cells the chromosomes remain together inside the nucleus and there is a clear nuclear membrane that is surrounding the nucleus. 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But if the concentration of the ethanol is beyond a certain limit, it may break down the cell membrane to the point where there is in fact no overall effect as the ethanol would disturb the lipids in the membrane. Therefore, more of the red pigment in theRead MoreFunctions And Functions Of An Extensive Variety Of Cellular Processes By Providing An Active Two Dimensional Lipid705 Words à |à 3 Pagesproviding an active two-dimensional lipid framework within which biochemical reactions can occur. The structure and dynamic lateral organization of these membranes selectively modulate the activity of membrane associaà ¬ted proteins, such as receptors and channels.1ââ¬â3 Biomembranes are complex structures which are responsible for the entity of cytosolic organelles and cells. Besides a structural role, membrane components play a key role in communications between the extra- and intracellular environmentsRead MoreThe Effect of Temperature on the Permeability of Beetroot Membrane874 Words à |à 4 PagesTemperature on the Permeability of Beetroot Membrane Analysis The graph shows the colorimeter readings increase as the temperature increases, they increase by the most at higher temperatures. This is shown by a smooth curve. This means that the beetroot samples release more dye at higher temperatures. This is because higher temperatures cause the membrane structure to break down. The membrane structure: Membranes have two layers of molecules called phospolipidsRead MoreLab Report On Plant Cell Walls1488 Words à |à 6 Pagesplant cell membranes contain a variety of different lipids (made of fatty acids), proteins and carbohydrates. The two-molecule thick-layered structure of membranes is made of a bilayer of amphipathic phospholipids that have both hydrophilic (polar head group) and hydrophobic moieties. Membrane proteins are classed as either intrinsic-globular proteins which are embedded in the bilayer, or extrinsic-on the outside the membrane and bound by weak intermolecular forces. Transmembrane proteins (intrinsic)
Deception Point Page 76 Free Essays
Corky turned. ââ¬Å"Whatââ¬â¢s that supposed to mean?â⬠ââ¬Å"Why couldnââ¬â¢t the heating and cooling event have occurred here on earth artificially?â⬠Rachel asked. ââ¬Å"The rock could have been blasted by a slush-hydrogen engine and then rapidly cooled in a cryogenic freezer. We will write a custom essay sample on Deception Point Page 76 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â⬠Corky stared. ââ¬Å"Manufactured chondrules?â⬠ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s an idea.â⬠ââ¬Å"A ridiculous one,â⬠Corky replied, flashing his meteorite sample. ââ¬Å"Perhaps you forget? These chondrules were irrefutably dated at 190 million years.â⬠His tone grew patronizing. ââ¬Å"To the best of my knowledge, Ms. Sexton, 190 million years ago, nobody was running slush-hydrogen engines and cryogenic coolers.â⬠Chondrules or not, Tolland thought, the evidence is piling up. He had been silent now for several minutes, deeply troubled by Rachelââ¬â¢s newest revelation about the fusion crust. Her hypothesis, though staggeringly bold, had opened all kinds of new doors and gotten Tolland thinking in new directions. If the fusion crust is explainableâ⬠¦ what other possibilities does that present? ââ¬Å"Youââ¬â¢re quiet,â⬠Rachel said, beside him. Tolland glanced over. For an instant, in the muted lighting of the plane, he saw a softness in Rachelââ¬â¢s eyes that reminded him of Celia. Shaking off the memories, he gave her a tired sigh. ââ¬Å"Oh, I was just thinkingâ⬠¦ ââ¬Å" She smiled. ââ¬Å"About meteorites?â⬠ââ¬Å"What else?â⬠ââ¬Å"Running through all the evidence, trying to figure out whatââ¬â¢s left?â⬠ââ¬Å"Something like that.â⬠ââ¬Å"Any thoughts?â⬠ââ¬Å"Not really. Iââ¬â¢m troubled by how much of the data has collapsed in light of discovering that insertion shaft beneath the ice.â⬠ââ¬Å"Hierarchical evidence is a house of cards,â⬠Rachel said. ââ¬Å"Pull out your primary assumption, and everything gets shaky. The location of the meteorite find was a primary assumption.â⬠Iââ¬â¢ll say. ââ¬Å"When I arrived at Milne, the administrator told me the meteorite had been found inside a pristine matrix of three-hundred-year-old ice and was more dense than any rock found anywhere in the area, which I took as logical proof that the rock had to fall from space.â⬠ââ¬Å"You and the rest of us.â⬠ââ¬Å"The midrange nickel content, though persuasive, is apparently not conclusive.â⬠ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s close,â⬠Corky said nearby, apparently listening in. ââ¬Å"But not exact.â⬠Corky acquiesced with a reluctant nod. ââ¬Å"And,â⬠Tolland said, ââ¬Å"this never before seen species of space bug, though shockingly bizarre, in reality could be nothing more than a very old, deepwater crustacean.â⬠Rachel nodded. ââ¬Å"And now the fusion crustâ⬠¦ ââ¬Å" ââ¬Å"I hate to say it,â⬠Tolland said, glancing at Corky, ââ¬Å"but itââ¬â¢s starting to feel like thereââ¬â¢s more negative evidence than positive.â⬠ââ¬Å"Science is not about hunches,â⬠Corky said. ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s about evidence. The chondrules in this rock are decidedly meteoric. I agree with you both that everything weââ¬â¢ve seen is deeply disturbing, but we cannot ignore these chondrules. The evidence in favor is conclusive, while the evidence against is circumstantial.â⬠Rachel frowned. ââ¬Å"So where does that leave us?â⬠ââ¬Å"Nowhere,â⬠Corky said. ââ¬Å"The chondrules prove we are dealing with a meteorite. The only question is why someone stuck it under the ice.â⬠Tolland wanted to believe his friendââ¬â¢s sound logic, but something just felt wrong. ââ¬Å"You donââ¬â¢t look convinced, Mike,â⬠Corky said. Tolland gave his friend a bewildered sigh. ââ¬Å"I donââ¬â¢t know. Two out of three wasnââ¬â¢t bad, Corky. But weââ¬â¢re down to one out of three. I just feel like weââ¬â¢re missing something.â⬠90 I got caught, Chris Harper thought, feeling a chill as he pictured an American prison cell. Senator Sexton knows I lied about the PODS software. As the PODS section manager escorted Gabrielle Ashe back into his office and closed the door, he felt his hatred of the NASA administrator grow deeper by the instant. Tonight Harper had learned just how deep the administratorââ¬â¢s lies truly ran. In addition to forcing Harper to lie about having fixed PODSââ¬â¢s software, the administrator had apparently set up some insurance just in case Harper got cold feet and decided not to be a team player. Evidence of embezzlement, Harper thought. Blackmail. Very sly. After all, who would believe an embezzler trying to discredit the single greatest moment in American space history? Harper had already witnessed to what lengths the NASA administrator would go to save Americaââ¬â¢s space agency, and now with the announcement of a meteorite with fossils, the stakes had skyrocketed. Harper paced for several seconds around the widetable on which sat a scale model of the PODS satellite-a cylindrical prism with multiple antennae and lenses behind reflective shields. Gabrielle sat down, her dark eyes watching, waiting. The nausea in Harperââ¬â¢s gut reminded him of how he had felt during the infamous press conference. Heââ¬â¢d put on a lousy show that night, and everyone had questioned him about it. Heââ¬â¢d had to lie again and say he was feeling ill that night and was not himself. His colleagues and the press shrugged off his lackluster performance and quickly forgot about it. Now the lie had come back to haunt him. Gabrielle Asheââ¬â¢s expression softened. ââ¬Å"Mr. Harper, with the administrator as an enemy, you will need a powerful ally. Senator Sexton could well be your only friend at this point. Letââ¬â¢s start with the PODS software lie. Tell me what happened.â⬠Harper sighed. He knew it was time to tell the truth. I bloody well should have told the truth in the first place! ââ¬Å"The PODS launch went smoothly,â⬠he began. ââ¬Å"The satellite settled into a perfect polar orbit just as planned.â⬠Gabrielle Ashe looked bored. She apparently knew all this. ââ¬Å"Go on.â⬠ââ¬Å"Then came the trouble. When we geared up to start searching the ice for density anomalies, the onboard anomaly-detection software failed.â⬠ââ¬Å"Uhâ⬠¦ huh.â⬠Harperââ¬â¢s words came faster now. ââ¬Å"The software was supposed to be able to rapidly examine thousands of acres of data and find parts of the ice that fell outside the range of normal ice density. Primarily the software was looking for soft spots in the ice-global warming indicators-but if it stumbled across other density incongruities, it was programmed to flag those as well. The plan was for PODS to scan the Arctic Circle over several weeks and identify any anomalies that we could use to measure global warming.â⬠ââ¬Å"But without functioning software,â⬠Gabrielle said, ââ¬Å"PODS was no good. NASA would have had to examine images of every square inch of the Arctic by hand, looking for trouble spots.â⬠Harper nodded, reliving the nightmare of his programming gaffe. ââ¬Å"It would take decades. The situation was terrible. Because of a flaw in my programming, PODS was essentially worthless. With the election coming up and Senator Sexton being so critical of NASAâ⬠¦ â⬠He sighed. ââ¬Å"Your mistake was devastating to NASA and the President.â⬠ââ¬Å"It couldnââ¬â¢t have come at a worse time. The administrator was livid. I promised him I could fix the problem during the next shuttle mission-a simple matter of swapping out the chip that held the PODS software system. But it was too little too late. He sent me home on leave-but essentially I was fired. That was a month ago.â⬠ââ¬Å"And yet you were back on television two weeks ago announcing youââ¬â¢d found a work-around.â⬠Harper slumped. ââ¬Å"A terrible mistake. That was the day I got a desperate call from the administrator. He told me something had come up, a possible way to redeem myself. I came into the office immediately and met with him. He asked me to hold a press conference and tell everyone Iââ¬â¢d found a work-around for the PODS software and that we would have data in a few weeks. He said heââ¬â¢d explain it to me later.â⬠How to cite Deception Point Page 76, Essay examples
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